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Appendix
A-3
A.3 RAID 1
RAID 1 is commonly referred to as disk mirroring as all data is duplicated on two or more disks. This provides a high
access rate and very high data availability. RAID 1 has low performance for write operations but very high performance
for intensive read operations.
RAID 1: Mirroring
Characteristics
• Storage capacity = the capacity of the smallest disk
• A minimum of two disks are required.
• Fault tolerance: Very good
• Read transaction rate: Good. Better than a single drive but worse than many other RAID levels.
• Write transaction rate: Worse than a single drive, but better than many other RAID levels
• 100% data redundancy means that in the event of disk failure, data can be copied directly to the
replacement without rebuilding.
• All the disks contain the same data.
Recommended use
• Accounting
• Payroll
• Finance
• Any application requiring high availability
A
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
CONTROLLER
B
C
G
F
D
E
=
Figure A-2 RAID 1 disk array
- U320 SCSI to SATAII 1
- 4G Fibre to SAS 1
- SAS to SAS 1
- Disk Array Systems 1
- JanusRAID II Generic 3
- Software Manual 3
- Table of Contents 5
- Contents 10
- List of Tables 11
- List of Figures 12
- About this manual 15
- Symbols used in this manual 15
- Chapter 1: Introduction 17
- 1.2 Key Features 18
- 1.3 How to Use This Manual 21
- 1.4 RAID Structure Overview 22
- Introduction 24
- Chapter 2: Using the RAID GUI 26
- Using the RAID GUI 27
- • Firefox language settings 27
- 2.1.2 Multiple System Viewer 28
- 2.2 Monitor Mode 29
- 2.2.1 HDD state 30
- 2.2.2 Information icons 31
- 2.2.3 Rear side view 32
- 2.2.4 Login 35
- 2.3.3 Monitor mode 38
- 2.3.4 Information icons 38
- 2.4 Config Mode 39
- 2.5 Quick Setup 40
- 2.6 RAID Management 41
- 2.6.2 JBOD 42
- 2.6.3 Disk groups 43
- • Delete disk groups 44
- • Modify disk groups 44
- 2.6.4 Logical disks 45
- • Delete logical disks 46
- • Modify logical disks 46
- 2.6.5 Volumes 47
- 2.6.6 Snapshot Volumes 48
- 2.6.7 Storage provisioning 50
- • Symmetric method 51
- • Selective method 53
- 2.7 Maintenance Utilities 54
- 2.7.6 Expanding volumes 57
- 2.7.7 Shrinking volumes 57
- 2.7.8 Cloning hard disks 58
- 2.7.9 Scrubbing 58
- 2.7.12 Array roaming 60
- 2.7.13 Array recovery 60
- • Partition state transition 61
- • Start a recovery 61
- 2.7.14 Schedule task 62
- 2.7.15 Cache Configurations 62
- 2.7.16 Miscellaneous 62
- 2.8 Hardware Configurations 63
- 2.8.2 Ports 65
- 2.8.3 COM port 68
- 2.9 Event Management 69
- • SNMP MIB Definition 70
- 2.9.3 Event logs 71
- 2.9.4 UPS 72
- 2.9.5 Miscellaneous 72
- 2.10 System Management 73
- 2.10.4 System Time 76
- 2.10.5 Security control 76
- 2.10.6 System information 77
- 2.10.7 Battery backup module 77
- 2.10.10 Miscellaneous 78
- 2.11 Performance Management 79
- 2.11.3 LUN 80
- 2.11.4 Storage port 80
- Using the LCD Consolel 82
- 3.2 LCD Messages 83
- 3.2.3 Emergent info 84
- 3.2.5 Hotkeys 85
- 3.3 Menu 86
- 3.3.4 Terminal Port Settings 87
- 3.3.5 System Settings 87
- 3.3.6 System Information 87
- 4.1 Overview 88
- 4.2 Basic RAID Management 89
- 4.2.3 Disk groups 90
- 4.2.4 Spare and rebuild 90
- 4.2.5 Logical disks 91
- 4.2.7 Volumes 92
- 4.2.8 Cache 92
- 4.3.3 Task priority control 95
- 4.4 Storage Presentation 97
- 4.4.3 Storage groups 98
- 4.4.4 Presentation planning 99
- 4.5.1 Generic hard disk 100
- Using the CLI Commands 101
- 4.5.2 SAS ports 102
- 4.5.3 SCSI ports 102
- 4.5.4 FC ports 103
- 4.5.6 Local terminal ports 105
- 4.5.7 Enclosure 105
- 4.5.9 iSCSI target / ports 106
- 4.6 Performance management 108
- 4.6.4 Storage ports 109
- 4.8 Event Management 110
- 4.8.3 Event handling 111
- 4.9 System Management 112
- 4.9.2 Time management 113
- 4.9.4 System information 114
- 4.9.5 Miscellaneous 115
- 4.10.1 Lookup RAID systems 116
- 4.12 Snapshot 117
- Chapter 5: Advanced Functions 119
- Advanced Functions 120
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 121
- 7 8 9 10 11 12 121
- • MPIO Device Information 123
- • Manage multipathd service 126
- 5.2 Multiple ID solutions 128
- 5.3 Redundant Controller 129
- Host Group 0 133
- Host Group 1 134
- • GUI Notification 139
- 5.4 Snapshot 140
- • Spare COW Volume 141
- • Restoring by Snapshots 141
- • Online Volume Expansion 141
- 5.4.3 How to Use Snapshots 142
- • Snapshot Roaming 144
- 5.5.2 Logical disk shrink 146
- 5.5.3 Logical disk expansion 147
- 5.5.4 Disk group expansion 148
- • Do extend a partition: 150
- • Do shrink a partition: 150
- 5.6 RAIDGuard Central 151
- 5.6.2 Deployment Overview 152
- • Windows OS platform 153
- • Mac/ Linux OS platform 153
- 5.6.6 RGC GUI Overview 155
- 5.6.8 RAID System Monitoring 160
- 5.7 VDS Provider 161
- • Register RAID systems 163
- • Microsoft DiskRAID 163
- • Emulex EZPilot 164
- Chapter 6: Troubleshooting 165
- 6.3 Performance Tuning 166
- 6.4 Hard Disks 167
- 6.5 User Interfaces 168
- Troubleshooting 169
- A.1 RAID Overview 173
- A.2 RAID 0 174
- A.3 RAID 1 175
- A.4 RAID 3 176
- A.5 RAID 5 177
- A.6 RAID 6 178
- A.7 RAID 10 179
- A.8 RAID 30 180
- A.9 RAID 50 181
- A.10 RAID 60 182
- A.11 JBOD 183
- A.12 NRAID 184
- B.1 Overview 185
- Appendix 186
- Appendix C: Boot Utility 194
- C.1 (N) Set IP address 195
- C.2 (L) Load Image by TFTP 195
- C.3 (B) Update Boot ROM 196
- C.4 (S) Update System ROM 197
- C.5 (H) Utility menu 197
- C.6 (P) Set password 197
- C.7 (R) Restart system 197
- D.1 RAID 198
- • Initialization 200
- • Spare 201
- • Rebuild 202
- • Roaming 202
- • Recovery 203
- • Write Cache 204
- D.2 Task 205
- • Logical disk migration 206
- • Logical disk shrink 209
- • Disk group defragmentation 209
- • Volume expansion 210
- • Disk cloning 210
- D.3 Disk 219
- • Disk port and chip 221
- • SMART disk self tests 222
- • Bad block handling 223
- • On-disk metadata 225
- • Disk Cache 227
- D.4 Host ports 228
- • IO exceptions handling 229
- • Port and chip 229
- • Hosts 230
- • iSCSI 235
- D.5 Controller hardware 237
- D.6 Enclosure 239
- • Voltage 240
- • Power supply 242
- D.7 System 246
- • Security control 247
- • Events 248
- • Firmware update 250
- • Email (SMTP) server status 251
- • Miscellaneous 252
- • Fail-back 253
- D.8 Network 255
- • iSCSI port 256
- D.9 Miscellaneous 257
- D.10 Snapshot 257
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